Exterior ballistics

Forensic Ballistics

Forensic ballistics is the application of ballistics for forensic purposes. The basis is formed by wound ballistics. Two main mechanisms of injury are differentiated: the crush-mechanism resulting in the permanent cavity and the stretch-mechanism resulting in the temporary cavity. The missile-tissue interactions such as yawing, deformation, fragmentation, and bone contact are explained here and...

Ballistics: A Study of the Expert Witness

Internal ballistics of a pneumatic potato cannon

Basic laws of thermodynamics and mechanics are used to analyse an air gun. Such devices are often employed in outdoor physics demonstrations to launch potatoes using compressed gas that is here assumed to expand reversibly and adiabatically. Reasonable agreement is found with reported muzzle speeds for such homebuilt cannons. The treatment is accessible to undergraduate students who have taken ...

Wound ballistics: contemporary and future research.

Wound ballistics research has contributed much to the understanding of the pathophysiology of missile injury that now exists. From this store of knowledge treatment regimes have evolved which have greatly improved the lot of the soldier wounded in war. However, research must keep pace with changes that are taking place in weapons research and development so that the particular needs of the Army...

Exterior Powers

Let R be a commutative ring. Unless indicated otherwise, all modules are R-modules and all tensor products are taken over R, so we abbreviate ⊗R to ⊗. A bilinear function out of M1 × M2 turns into a linear function out of the tensor product M1 ⊗ M2. In a similar way, a multilinear function out of M1 × · · · ×Mk turns into a linear function out of the k-fold tensor product M1 ⊗ · · · ⊗Mk. We wil...